International journal of molecular sciences article transcriptome analysis of rice roots in response to rootknot nematode infection yuan zhou 1,y, di zhao 1,y, li shuang 2, dongxue xiao 1, yuanhu xuan 1, yuxi duan 1, lijie chen 1, yuanyuan wang 1, xiaoyu liu 1, haiyan fan 1 and xiaofeng zhu 1, 1 college of plant protection, nematology institute of northern china, shenyang agricultural. They exist in soil in areas with hot climates or short winters. Control of rootknot nematodes in the home vegetable garden. Root nematode densities were estimated 60 days after the last inoculation. A survey was conducted in shivamogga and davanagere districts of karnataka during 2014 to know the incidence of rice root knot nematode. All cultivated soils contain some plantparasitic nematodes. Being one of the major staple foods in the world, and an interesting model monocot plant, rice l. Rootknot nematodes invade host plants as secondstage juveniles. Control of rootknot nematodes in the home vegetable. While variation in the susceptibility of asian rice oryza sativa exists, so far no strong and reliable resistance has been reported.
Pdf rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. Rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola infestation. Slwrky45, nematoderesponsive tomato wrky gene, enhances susceptibility to the root knot nematode. Page oda tropical plant nematology laboratory, nematology department, rothamsted experimental station, harpenden, herts, england. Evaluation of chinese rice varieties resistant to the rootknot. Above ground symptoms are similar to many other root diseases or environmental factors limiting water and nutrient uptake. Rice rootknot nematode is a damaging parasite on upland, lowland and deepwater rice. Rootknot nematodes from the genus meloidogyne are polyphagous plant endoparasites and agricultural pests of global importance. Meloidogyne incognita rice oryza sativa interaction. On the close relatedness of two riceparasitic rootknot. For example in recent vegetable gardentype experiments on root knot nematode soil, nematode resistant tomatoes yielded almost 6 times more tomatoes than a similar susceptible variety. The rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is the most damaging root knot nematode of rice, and is mainly distributed in south and south.
Immature rootknot nematodes attacking root tip highly magnified. First record and preliminary information on the host range of meloidogyne graminicola in. Infestation of rice rootknot nematode in rice nurseries in. Root knot nematodes rkn from the genus meloidogyne parasitize a wide range of host plants and have a global distribution. Qtl mapping for resistance to and tolerance for the rice. Various pests and diseases constitute important constraints to successful crop production, and these include the plantparasitic nematodes ppn that account for great cropyield losses mantelin et al. Pdf rice oryza sativa is an important staple food crop for majority of human population in the world in general and in asia in particular.
Pdf pathogenicity of rice rootknot nematode, meloidogyne. These findings suggest that sl signaling in rice is required for enhanced root. Role of the rice root nematode, hirschmanniella oryzae in rice culture. Root knot nematodes also feed and multiply on many garden weeds, although they may not injure these. Root knot nematode problems can be detected by examining the roots of vegetables soon after harvest is completed or through an assay of a soil sample.
Aerobic rice fields are frequently infested by pathogenic oomycetes pythium spp. Influence of ricerootnematode hirschmanniella oryzae on the root browning of rice. Rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola infestation in. Northern rootknot nematode meloidogyne hapla is a widely distributed, polyphagous pest in northern europe. The physicochemical properties and texture of various types of soil were. The survey indicated that, there is incidence of rice root knot nematode in all the taluks of shivamogga and. Our results confirmed increased dehydroascorbate dha levels in nematodeinduced root.
Pdf rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola an. Organic amendment did not contribute to an increase in onion yield and has no effect on the population of rice root knot nematode. Slwrky45, nematoderesponsive tomato wrky gene, enhances. The development and molecular characterization of a rapid. The root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola, which is distributed worldwide, is considered a major constraint on rice production in asia. The rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola, which is distributed worldwide, is considered a major constraint on rice production in asia. Among all areas of rootknot nematode biology, none induces admiration from many researchers more than the complex cytogenetics of meloidogyne. Certain species are specific to individual plant hosts. Distribution of rice rootknot nematode in karnataka, nematode atlas1.
Rootknot population densities after corn, grain sorghum, moderately resistant soybean and susceptible soybean courtesy of c. About 2000 plants worldwide are susceptible to infection by rootknot nematodes and they cause approximately 5% of global crop loss. Quantitative trait loci for partial resistance have been reported but no underlying genes have. Control, induced systemic resistance, oryza sativa, rice root knot nematode introduction the root knot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola golden et birchfield is the most widely distributed serious pest of rice oryza sativa l. Important instructions on use of nematode guidelines. The rice rootknot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola, has emerged as a devastating pest of rice in southeast asia dutta et al. Rootknot nematodes also feed and multiply on many garden weeds, although they may not injure these. A genus with less complicated reproductive cytogenetics would not have attracted the historical or contemporary interest devoted to the rootknot nematodes. Evaluation of chinese rice varieties resistant to the root.
A female root knot nematode figure 2 can lay up to 500 eggs at a time, and root damage results from the sheer. Crop rotation for management of nematodes in cotton and. Root knot nematode damage results in poor growth, a decline in quality and yield of the crop and reduced resistance to other stresses e. Complex defense signaling pathways, controlled by different hormones, are involved in the reaction of plants to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Determining root knot nematode species is especially valuable for soybean, tobacco and peanut. They are considered the most important group of plantparasitic nematodes jones et al. Qtl mapping for resistance to and tolerance for the rice root. Recently, because of socioeconomic and environmental changes, water shortages in southeast asia have increased. Brar 2, jeanclaude prot 173 and georges reversat 4 entomology arid plant pathology division, irri, mcpo box 3127, makati city 1271, philippines. A wormshaped larva hatches and then migrates either into the soil or to a different location in the root.
Evaluation of synergistic effect of neem and poultry. The rice rootknot nematode, meloidogyne graminicoza, on deep water rice qryza sativa subsp. The use of cultural control methods to manage root knot nematodes is the most environmentally sustainable and potentially most successful method for limiting root knot nematode damage. This endoparasitic sedentary nematode species occurs in all south and southeast asian riceproducing countries surveyed so far 2. Rootknot nematode larvae infect plant roots, causing the development of rootknot galls that drain the plants. Ascorbate oxidation activates systemic defence against root. Please provide the name of the crop and the crop variety when submitting samples. Recent modifications in cultivation practices have led to a substantial increase in rice production, which has been accompanied by heightened levels of.
We studied the ability of salicylic acid, jasmonate ja, and ethylene et to induce systemic defense in rice oryza sativa against the root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. By contrast, plants without nematodes had vigorous growth and al1 rapidly elongated above the flood water. Ravindra and others published rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola an emerging problem find, read and cite all. Control, induced systemic resistance, oryza sativa, rice rootknot nematode introduction the rootknot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola golden et birchfield is the most widely distributed serious pest of rice oryza sativa l.
The root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most serious nematode pests worldwide and represents a major constraint on rice production. A female rootknot nematode figure 2 can lay up to 500 eggs at a time, and root damage results from the sheer. Rootknot nematode problems can be detected by examining the roots of vegetables soon after harvest is completed or through an assay of a soil sample. Important instructions on use of nematode guidelines introduction plantparasitic nematodes are small, microscopic, threadlike animals that possess a stylet which allows them to puncture and feed from plant cells.
Meloidogyne graminicolainfected rice oryza sativa plants showed differential expression of aarecycling genes, although their functional role was unknown. Ascorbic acid aa is the major antioxidant buffer produced in the shoot tissue of plants. Among the ppn, rootknot nematodes genus meloidogyne are considered to be the. Mature root knot females can be found only from midjune through september in south carolina. The jasmonate pathway is a key player in systemically. Meloidogyne graminicola, a cause of root knot of rice. Root knot affected cantaloupe, cucumber, eggplant, okra, squash, tomato, and other susceptible crops will have very conspicuous root galls swellings. The larva penetrates a suitable root by repeatedly thrusting its. Rootknot nematodes are plantparasitic nematodes from the genus meloidogyne. An additional benefit of growing a resistant variety is the nematode levels in the soil decline rather than increase, making it more feasible to grow a.
Transcriptome analysis of rice roots in response to root. Genome sequence of the rootknot nematode meloidogyne luci. Pdf the rice rootknot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola. Infestation of rice rootknot nematode in rice nurseries. There is no significant p rice roots in response to root knot nematode infection yuan zhou 1,y, di zhao 1,y, li shuang 2, dongxue xiao 1, yuanhu xuan 1, yuxi duan 1, lijie chen 1, yuanyuan wang 1, xiaoyu liu 1, haiyan fan 1 and xiaofeng zhu 1, 1 college of plant protection, nematology institute of northern china, shenyang agricultural university. International journal of molecular sciences article transcriptome analysis of rice roots in response to root knot nematode infection yuan zhou 1,y, di zhao 1,y, li shuang 2, dongxue xiao 1, yuanhu xuan 1, yuxi duan 1, lijie chen 1, yuanyuan wang 1, xiaoyu liu 1, haiyan fan 1 and xiaofeng zhu 1, 1 college of plant protection, nematology institute of northern china, shenyang agricultural. The rice rootknot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola, on. Summary in a series of experiments designed to simulate deep water rice growing conditions, meloidogyne gralninicola. A high level of damage can lead to total crop loss. Here, the interaction between pythium arrhenomanes and meloidogyne graminicola was studied in rice roots of two aerobic rice varieties.
They are one of the major constraints in the production of field and plantation crops throughout the tropical, subtropical and temperate countries. Pdf distribution of rice rootknot nematode in karnataka. Rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola infestation in rice article pdf available in archives of phytopathology and plant protection 456. Resistance to rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. Rice oryza sativa is an essential food crop for a significant majority of the worlds human population. Organic amendment did not contribute to an increase in onion yield and has no effect on the population of rice rootknot nematode. Transcriptional reprogramming by root knot and migratory. Narasimhamurthy and kaliyaperumal jayalakshmi and hajah imran khan, year2017. The rice rootknot nematode is considered one of the limiting factors in rice production in all rice ecosystems.
Dec 28, 2012 the rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is the most damaging root knot nematode of rice, and is mainly distributed in south and south. Rootknot affected cantaloupe, cucumber, eggplant, okra, squash, tomato, and other susceptible crops will have very conspicuous root galls swellings. Female rootknot nematodes deposit eggs in a gelatinous mass at or near the root surface. Rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola an emerging. The present study used the root gall index and number of nematodes inside the roots to evaluate resistancesusceptibility to m. Roots of the rice plants and barnyard grass were removed. Here, we report the highquality genome sequence of meloidogyne luci population sismartno v.
Female root knot nematodes deposit eggs in a gelatinous mass at or near the root surface. The rice root knot nematode is considered one of the limiting factors in rice production in all rice ecosystems. The rice rootknot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is one of the main concerns for rice production in southeast asia pankaj and prasad 2010. In addition, the genome sequences of two related root knot nematodes, namely meloidogyneincognitaabad et al. This is the first time that meloidogyne graminicola has been detected in madagascar, which is relevant information for future management of this economically important. Induction of systemic resistance in rice by pseudomonas. Rootknot nematode an overview sciencedirect topics. The pathogenicity study of rice root rootknot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola was carried on rice nursery in three types of soil viz. Rice is the major crop produced in madagascar and is infested by numerous plantparasitic nematodes. In upland rice, there is an estimated reduction of 2. However, because root knot nematodes have very large host ranges, cultural control methods require careful planning. Birchfield is the most damaging root knot nematode of rice and is widely distributed in all rice growing ecosystems, including upland, lowland, deepwater and irrigated,in the worldle et al.
Immature root knot nematodes attacking root tip highly magnified. Rice oryza sativa is an important staple food crop for majority of human population in the world in general and in asia in particular. The rice rootknot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola, on deep. With corn, root knot nematodes infect and reproduce well, but galls are inconspicuous and difficult to see figure 2. Nematodes are among the most widespread organisms on earth. An extensive list of plantparasitic nematodes found in association with rice roots during a survey of 14 sites is presented.
These nematodes enjoy a guaranteed continuous supply of food and water from the host and protection within the gall for. Nematode damaged roots do not use water and fertilisers as effectively, leading to additional losses for the grower. Roots invaded by this nematode turn yellowish brown and rot, and this root damage causes signi. Ascorbate oxidation activates systemic defence against. Being one of the major staple foods in the world, and an interesting model monocot plant, rice oryza sativa l. The major nematode pests associated with rice are ditylenchus angustus, aphelenchoides besseyi, hirschmanniella spp. Juveniles did not invade rice roots growing in shallow. Survival and host range of the rice root nematode, hirshmanniella oryzae. It is well adapted to flooded conditions and can survive in waterlogged soil as. Root knot population densities that carry over to the next crop may be extremely high following corn, but aboveground plant symptoms may not be obvious.
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